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Santalum involutum

H.St.John (1984)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Santalum

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small tree, evergreen, usually 2–7 m in height. Apparently hemiparasitic on roots of other plants.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades linear elliptic (rarely conduplicate falcate); (4.6–)5.7–8.1(–8.2) cm long × (1.4–)1.5–1.7(–1.8) cm wide. Apex acute. Base cuneate. More glaucous and slightly lighter on the lower surface; evergreen, simple yellowish–green to grayish–green, chartaceous (often translucent), often drooping. Margins entire and involute. Lateral veins slightly apparent on adaxial surface; midvein yellowish. Petioles yellowish to pinkish, (7.0–)8.1– 16.3(–17.0) mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences cymes, sparse terminal or axillary. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla greenish–white throughout (sometimes turning red with age); floral tubes campanulate to cylindrical, (5–)6–9(–11) mm long × 2–3 mm wide, without vertical keel below each corolla lobe; corolla lobes 4, concave with thickened margins, 3–4(–5) mm long × 1.5–3 mm wide. Stamens 4. Ovary inferior; stigma lobes 3.

Fruit: Drupes elliptic; with apical ring; 13–20 mm long. Seeds muricate; with pointed beak on one end.

Ploidy:

Habitat: In Diospyros mixed mesic forest or occasionally in <i>Metrosideros</i> wet forest.

Elevation Range: 120–750 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Phytologia 55: 220 (1984)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1221 (Syn. S. involutum = S. freycinetianum var. pyrularium); Harbaugh et al. 2010:835 (RESURRECT/K, KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26766 Kauai BISH 1960-08-22
2 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen tree, 7m tall, trunk dark brown-black, well brancheed, young stems red-brown, fruit red-purple, common Wood, K.R. Kauai BISH 2015-01-14
3 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet hillside Preserved_Specimen 6' tree, flowers pale yellow green, fruit red Christensen, C. 121 Kauai BISH 1977-06-21
4 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 182 Kauai BISH 1977-04-09
5 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dryland forest, with Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Elaeocarpus, Dicranopteris on ridge top. Preserved_Specimen Rather numerous trees to 20 ft. tall, bark charcoal-colored, rather smooth; leaves rolled so that they look tubular; flower greenish yellow; fruits angular, beaked. Christensen, C. 38 Kauai BISH 1976-07-25
6 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dryland forest, with Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Elaeocarpus, Dicranopteris on ridge top. Preserved_Specimen Rather numerous trees to 20 ft. tall, bark charcoal-colored, rather smooth; leaves rolled so that they look tubular; flower greenish yellow; fruits angular, beaked. Christensen, C. 38 Kauai BISH 1976-07-25
7 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dryland forest of Diospyros ferrea Preserved_Specimen 25' x 22 trees, fruit red Christensen, C. 57 Kauai BISH 1976-08-28
8 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet hillside Preserved_Specimen 6' tree, flowers pale yellow green, fruit red Christensen, C. 121 Kauai BISH 1977-01-21
9 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Kauai diverse mesic forest impacted by secondary invasive species w/ Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Pleomele sandwicensis, Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Planchonella sandwicensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Santalum involutum, Pteralyxia kauaiensis Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 m tall, trunk black-brown, leaves light green, corolla cream Wood, K.R. 16051 Kauai BISH
10 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dryland forest, with Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Elaeocarpus, Dicranopteris on ridge top. Preserved_Specimen Rather numerous trees to 20 ft. tall, bark charcoal-colored, rather smooth; leaves rolled so that they look tubular; flower greenish yellow; fruits angular, beaked. Christensen, C. 38 Kauai BISH 1976-07-25
11 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ohia Lowland Mesic Forest. Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Dodonaea viscosa, Dianella sandwicensis, Gahnia beecheyi, Andropogon sp., Poa siphonoglossa Preserved_Specimen Tree on the side of a newly rated LZ was pruned, but not cut down, to accommodate safe landing of helicopters. Tree was appproximately 6m tall, pruned to around 4m, with immature green fruits present. Upper parts of canopy of this tree, and many of the dozens of Santalum trees in the area, had missing leaves, presumab Williams, A.M. 567 Kauai BISH 2019-04-24
12 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dryland forest, with Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Elaeocarpus, Dicranopteris on ridge top. Preserved_Specimen Rather numerous trees to 20 ft. tall, bark charcoal-colored, rather smooth; leaves rolled so that they look tubular; flower greenish yellow; fruits angular, beaked. Christensen, C. 38 Kauai BISH 1976-07-25
13 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aleurites non-native forest and relictual Diospyros-Nestegis mesic forest with Psychotria mariniana, P. greenwelliae, Pandanus tectorius, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Freycinetia arborea, Ochrosia kauaiensis, Psydrax odorata, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Pittosporum napaliensis, Santalu Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 meters tall, along ridge-line, trunk, dark brown, leaves involute, in early fruit, occasional. Wood, K.R. 17552 Kauai BISH 2017-10-18
14 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ridges. Preserved_Specimen trees to 20ft tall, fl. yellow-green. St.John, H. 182 Kauai BISH 1977-04-09
15 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry lower forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree 15ft. tall, fr. black or reddish black, leaves drooping. St.John, H. 13946 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
16 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest, with Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, Melicope clusiifolia, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum involutum. Preserved_Specimen tree, 5 meters tall, in early flower, occasional along ridgeline Wood, K.R. 15828 Kauai BISH 2014-02-12
17 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Koa forest Preserved_Specimen tree to 12ft tall, 6in diam., fl. yellow; Fr. red to dark purple. Christensen, C. 69 Kauai BISH 1976-10-18
18 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dryland forest, with Metrosideros, Acacia koa, Elaeocarpus, Dicranopteris on ridge top. Preserved_Specimen Rather numerous trees to 20 ft. tall, bark charcoal-colored, rather smooth; leaves rolled so that they look tubular; flower greenish yellow; fruits angular, beaked. Christensen, C. 38 Kauai BISH 1976-07-25
19 Santalum involutum Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Fern Forest Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Clidemia hirta, Schinus terebinthifolius, Psychotria mariniana, Andropogon sp., Melinis minutiflora, Hibiscus kokio subsp. Saintjohnianus Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4m tall on ridgetop. Occasional in the area, especially on ridge, but larger specimens below ridgetop on leeward side. Trees have flowers, immature and mature fruits. Flowers are light greenish cream colored internally and externally, and leaves are strongly involute. Williams, A.M. 620 Kauai BISH 2019-12-09
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